Cupolas
Cupolas are dome structures on cave ceilings where pooled acidic water lost its dissolution potential before breaking into the next level of the cave or surface above the cave. Rising cupolas exhibit places where the ascending water was able to dissolve further in the vertical direction before losing its dissolution potential. Channels that lead directly to cupolas are even stronger diagnostic evidence of hypogene speleogenesis, and channels leading to rising cupolas are stronger still. Megacupolas (sometimes termed “irregular rooms” in the literature) are illustrative of the huge amount of rising acidic water present during the catastrophic formation of many caves.
Ceiling Cupolas
Bridal Cave (Camdenton, MO) Crystal Cave (Springfield, MO) Crystal Cave (Springfield, MO) Endless Caverns (New Market, VA) Fantastic Caverns (Springfield, MO) Florida Caverns State Park (Marianna, FL) Florida Caverns State Park (Marianna, FL) Jacob’s Cave (Versailles, MO) Jacob’s Cave (Versailles, MO) Jacob’s Cave (Versailles, MO) Jacob’s Cave (Versailles, MO) Jacob’s Cave (Versailles, MO) Lincoln Caverns (Huntingdon, PA) Luray Caverns (Luray, VA) Luray Caverns (Luray, VA) Luray Caverns (Luray, VA) Mammoth Onyx Cave (Horse Cave, KY) Mammoth Onyx Cave (Horse Cave, KY) Marvel Cave (Branson, MO) Melrose Caverns (Harrisonburg, VA) Meramec Caverns (Stanton, MO) Meramec Caverns (Stanton, MO) Onondaga Cave (Leasburg, MO) Onondaga Cave (Leasburg, MO) Outlaw Cave (Cave City, KY) Rickwood Caverns (Warrior, AL) Secret Caverns (Cobleskill, NY) Secret Caverns (Cobleskill, NY) Talking Rocks Cavern (Branson, MO)
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Rising Cupolas
Black-Coffey Caverns (Greencastle, PA) Bluff Dwellers Cave (Noel, MO) Bluff Dwellers Cave (Noel, MO) Cameron Cave (Hannibal, MO) Coral Caverns (Mann’s Choice, PA) Crystal Cave (Springfield, MO) Crystal Onyx Cave (Cave City, KY) Forbidden Caverns (Sevierville, TN) Forbidden Caverns (Sevierville, TN) Howe Caverns (Howe’s Cave, NY) Forbidden Caverns (Sevierville, TN) Howe Caverns (Howe’s Cave, NY) Howe Caverns (Howe’s Cave, NY) Indian Echo Cave (Hummelstown, PA) Jacob’s Cave (Versailles, MO) Lost River Cave (Bowling Green, KY) Lost River Cave (Bowling Green, KY) Lost world Caverns (Lewisburg, WV) Luray Caverns (Luray, VA) Luray Caverns (Luray, VA) Mammoth Onyx Cave (Horse Cave, KY) Melrose Caverns (Harrisonburg, VA) Melrose Caverns (Harrisonburg, VA) Melrose Caverns (Harrisonburg, VA) Meramec Caverns (Stanton, MO) Meramec Caverns (Stanton, MO) Onondaga Cave (Leasburg, MO) Rickwood Caverns (Warrior, AL) Rickwood Caverns (Warrior, AL) Rickwood Caverns (Warrior, AL) Rickwood Caverns (Warrior, AL) Ruby Falls (Chattanooga, TN) Secret Caverns (Cobleskill, NY) Secret Caverns (Cobleskill, NY) Secret Caverns (Cobleskill, NY) Secret Caverns (Cobleskill, NY) Secret Caverns (Cobleskill, NY) Secret Caverns (Cobleskill, NY) Skyline Caverns (Front Royal, VA) Smoke Hole Caverns (Seneca Rocks, WV) Smoke Hole Caverns (Seneca Rocks, WV) Tuckaleechee (Townsend, TN) War Eagle Cavern (Rogers, AR)
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Channels Leading to Cupolas
Appalachian Caverns (Blountville, TN) Black-Coffey Caverns (Greencastle, PA) Crystal Cave (Springfield, MO) Endless Caverns (New Market, VA) Endless caverns (New Market, VA) Endless Caverns (New Market, VA) Fisher Cave (Sullivan, MO) Howe Caverns (Howe’s Cave, NY) Jacob’s Cave (Versailles, MO) Lincoln Caverns (Huntingdon, PA) Linville Caverns (Marion, NC) Marvel Cave (Branson, MO) Melrose Caverns (Harrisonburg, VA) Melrose Caverns (Harrisonburg, VA) Outlaw Cave (Cave City, KY) Outlaw Cave (Cave City, KY) Raccoon Mountain (Chattanooga, TN) Skyline Caverns (Front Royal, VA) Skyline Caverns (Front Royal, VA) Squire Boone Caverns (Maukport, IN) Stark Caverns (Eldon, MO) The Caverns (Pelham, TN) Channels Leading to Rising Cupolas
Black-Coffey Caverns (Greencastle, PA) Bluff Dwellers Cave (Noel, MO) Cameron Cave (Hannibal, MO) Howe Caverns (Howe’s Cave, NY) Marengo Cave (Marango, IN) Marvel Cave (Branson, MO) Marvel Cave (Branson, MO) Skyline Caverns (Front Royal, VA) Skyline Caverns (Front Royal, VA) Tuckaleechee Caverns (Townsend, TN) Rising Channels Leading to Cupolas
Howe Cavern (Howe’s Cave, NY) Endless Caverns (New Market, VA) Marvel Cave (Branson, MO) Skyline Caverns (Luray, VA)
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Megacupolas
Howe Caverns (Howe’s Cave, NY) Bull Shoals Caverns (Bull Shoals, AR) Hidden River Cave (Horse Cave, KY) Howe Caverns (Howe’s Cave, NY) Craighead Cave (Sweetwater, TN) Talking Rocks Cavern (Branson, MO) Cupolas in Megacupolas
Secret Caverns (Cobleskill, NY) Florida Caverns (Marianna, FL) Meramec Caverns (Stanton, MO) The Caverns at Natural Bridge (Natural Bridge, VA)
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